BUCKYVERSE

791.00 Cosmic Structuring

791.01 With the advent of mathematical calculating capability into the public domain only 500 years ago, we had the beginnings of mathematically derived knowledge of cosmic structuring principles. To understand the significance of these principles we begin with Isaac Newton. Newton was inspired by the prior discoveries of Kepler, Galileo, and Copernicus, and he derived his laws of motion from consideration of their basic concepts, as follows:

  1. Kepler discovered that all of the Sun’s then known six planets orbit the Sun in elliptical paths.

  2. The planets are of different sizes, each going around the Sun at different rates and at vastly different distances from the Sun.

  3. In a given amount of time all of the planets “sweep out” equal areas. For instance, in a period of 21 days each planet describes a relatively short elliptical arc of travel around the Sun. If we connect the two ends of those arcs by the shortest radial lines to the Sun, and if we make proportionally accurate diagrams of each of the six pieshaped pieces of sky enclosed by the respective arc-and-radii-bound areas, and if we use Kepler’s carefully measured dimensions of those arcs and radii, we will find that the several triangular pieces of pie are very different in shaperanging from very thin and long to very short and widebut when calculated for area, they are all found to be of exactly identical areas. (Compare Sec. 646.11.}

  4. The coordination of these planetary motions was found to be exquisitely accurate but hidden invisibly in disparate observational data. Considered separately, each planet had unique behavioral characteristics that could not be explained by any mechanics of physical contact such as that of a train of teeth-meshed gears. The planets and the Sun are vast distances apart. Kepler must have noted that a weight on the end of a string hand-swung by a human around the head will when released into orbittravel tangentially and horizontally away from the human, while being progressively diverted toward Earth by the gravitational pull. Thus Kepler concluded that invisible tensile forces were intercohering the orbiting planets with the Sun and, to a lesser extent, with each other.

  5. Galileo’s measurement of the accelerating acceleration in the rate of bodies falling freely toward Earth indicated that each time the distance between the falling body and the Earth was halved, the speed of falling increased fourfold.

  6. Newton was also impressed by the enormous magnitude of the tidal pulling of the Earth’s waters by the Moon and the Sun.

  7. The astronomers and navigators had established information governing the seemingly “fixed” interpositions of certain celestial star patterns at any given moment of the year as viewed from any given position on Earth. Of course, much of the celestial sphere patterning is obscured from any human observer on Earth’s surface by the vast bulk of our planet. But Newton knew from personal experience that the position (as calculated by spherical geometry) of any one of the viewable stars as measured in angular height above the observer’s horizon in any given compass direction at any chronometer-recorded moment of time on any given annual calendar day will permit the observer to make accurate calculation of his position on Earth.

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Area AOB = Area COD - Area EOF

Fig. 797*.01* (5) Diagram of Equal Area Planetary Sweepouts: Each of the irregular pieshaped pieces of sky enclose identical areas.

791.02 In consideration of all the foregoing seven concepts and much other informationIsaac Newton concluded that the relative magnitude of interpull forces of planetary coordination was proportional to the masses of the bodies involved. He concluded that the interpull between two apples would be so insignificant in proportion to the pull of massive Earth upon both apples that the two apples near one another on the table would be so powerfully pulled against the table as to manifest no measurable pull toward each other. Apparently the extraordinary interpulling of Universe could only be manifested in free space; thus it had never been noticed by humans in their preoccupation with Earthian affairs.

791.03 Newton reasoned from Kepler’s work that if he swung a weight around his head and then let go of it, it would start off in a horizontal line but become overpowered by gravity and swiftly veer away 90 degrees vertically toward Earth. Thus Newton formulated his first law of motion, that all bodies will persist in a state of rest or in a line of motion except as affected by other bodies.

791.04 Newton reasoned that if Earth were to be annihilated, it would relinquish its pull on the Moon, and then the Moon would be free to fly off tangentially on an approximately linear course. He chose a night of full Moon at a given moment of clock time to observe the Moonwell above the horizon predictably positioned against the celestial pattern of the “fixed” stars. He then calculated the line of tangential direction along which a released Moon would travel as traced against the sky pattern. Newton then observed and calculated the rate at which the Moon would travel away from the theoretical trajectory of release and “fall” toward the Earth as they both orbited the Sun at 60,000 miles per hour.

791.05 As a result of this observation and calculation Newton found that the path of the Moon’s “fall” agreed exactly with the falling body data of Galileo. Wherefore Newton concluded it was celestially manifest that

  1. relative to all known bodies, the magnitude of mutual interattraction between any two bodies is proportional to the product of their paired and intermultiplied masses; and

  2. whenever the distance between two bodies is halved, the force of their interattraction increases fourfold, which is to say that the interattraction varies exponentially at a second-power rate as the distance between the considered bodies varies at only an arithmetical rate.

791.06 For millennia humans had endeavored to explain the apparently random independence, the seemingly uncoordinated individual motions, of the five planetary bodies visible from Earth, orderly interpositioned against

the background of the vast myriads of “fixed” stars of the celestial sphere. What Newton had discovered is relevant to our comprehension of the universal nature of structures. He had discovered a pair of integral characteristics of two bodies, with one interrelationship varying at an exponential rate and the other interrelationship covarying arithemtically. Kepler and Newton had found synergetic behaviors of whole systems that were unpredicted by the behaviors or the integral characteristics of any parts of the system considered separately. Kepler and Newton had found synergy.

791.07 If you were a contemporary of Kepler or Newton and were to have asked them what the mass interattraction called “gravity” is, they would have told you that they had no way of knowing. And there is as yet no way to explain the interrelationship behaviors found experimentally to exist “between” and not “of” any two objects in Universe. The relationships they discovered are elegantly reliable, but they are also an absolute a priori mystery.

791.08 Humanity has inherited an inventory of generalized laws of Universe from the Copernicus-Kepler-Galileo-Newton discoveries, which they in turn inherited from their Greek, Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Indian, and Chinese predecessors. There is no information to suggest that the inventory has been completed. All of the generalized laws can be expressed in mathematical terms. They are all eternally operative and interaccommodative. Together, the thus-far-discovered generalized laws guarantee the integrity of nonsimultaneous, only partially overlapping, Scenario Universe.